1 Evolutionary Improvements
The Myth: Evolution causes something to go from “lower” to “higher”
While it is a fact that natural selection weeds out unhealthy genes
from the gene pool, there are many cases where an imperfect organism has
survived. Some examples of this are fungi, sharks, crayfish, and mosses
– these have all remained essentially the same over a great period of
time. These organisms are all sufficiently adapted to their environment
to survive without improvement.
Other taxa have changed a lot, but not necessarily for the better.
Some creatures have had their environments changed and their adaptations
may not be as well suited to their new situation. Fitness is linked to
their environment, not to progress.
2 Humans Pop In Space
The Myth: When exposed to the vacuum of space, the human body pops
This myth is the result of science fiction movies which use it to add
excitement or drama to the plot. In fact, a human can survive for 15 –
30 seconds in outer space as long as they breathe out before the
exposure (this prevents the lungs from bursting and sending air into the
bloodstream). After 15 or so seconds, the lack of oxygen causes
unconsciousness which eventually leads to death by asphyxiation.
3 Brightest Star
The Myth: Polaris is the brightest star in the northern hemisphere night sky
Sirius is actually brighter with a magnitude of ?1.47 compared to
Polaris’ 1.97 (the lower the number the brighter the star). The
importance of Polaris is that its position in the sky marks North – and
for that reason it is also called the “North Star”. Polaris is the
brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor and, interestingly, is
only the
current North Star as pole stars change over time because stars exhibit a slow continuous drift with respect to the Earth’s axis.
4 Five Second Rule
The Myth: Food that drops on the floor is safe to eat if you pick it up within five seconds
This is utter bunkum which should be obvious to most readers. If
there are germs on the floor and the food lands on them, they will
immediately stick to the food. Having said that, eating germs and dirt
is not always a bad thing as it helps us to develop a robust immune
system. I prefer to have a “how-tasty-is-it” rule: if it is something
really tasty, it can sit there for ten minutes for all I care – I will
still eat it.
5 Dark side of the Moon
The Myth: There is a dark side of the moon
Actually – every part of the moon is illuminated at sometime by the
sun. This misconception has come about because there is a side of the
moon which is never visible to the earth. This is due to tidal locking;
this is due to the fact that Earth’s gravitational pull on the moon is
so immense that it can only show one face to us. Wikipedia puts it
rather smartly thus: “Tidal locking occurs when the gravitational
gradient makes one side of an astronomical body always face another; for
example, one side of the Earth’s Moon always faces the Earth. A tidally
locked body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does
to revolve around its partner. This synchronous rotation causes one
hemisphere constantly to face the partner body.”